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Scientific Studies

1. Chimene, D., Alge, D.L., & Gaharwar, A. K. (2015). Two-dimensional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Emerging Trends and Future Prospects. Advanced Materials, 27, 7261-7284. doi: 10.1002/adma.201502422. Click here for PDF

2D nanomaterials encompass a wide variety of materials under their umbrella, each with their own physical, mechanical, chemical, and optical properties. This diversity in their properties make them suitable for varied applications in the healthcare space ranging from drug delivery systems to tissue regeneration.

Current research trends in 2D nanomaterials and some of their promising biomedical applications


2. Tamimi, F. (2016). Two-dimensional Megnesium Phosphate Nanosheets Form Highly Thixotrophic Gels that Up-Regulate Bone Formation. Nano Letters, 16, 4779-4787. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00636. Click here for PDF

Magnesium: the fourth most commonly found element in the human body, makes up an integral part of bones and teeth. Magnesium compounds such as magnesium phosphates play an important role in mineral metabolism to promote hydroxyapatite crystal formation and bone calcification. Additionally, the rising interest in the use of 2D nanomaterials over the last few years can be attributed to their unique range of properties. This article describes a novel 2D sodium-magnesium-phosphate system that brings forth the biocompatibility and regenerative properties of the complex in a hydrogel form for biomedical applications. The complex acts as a scaffold for the proliferation of osteoblasts that lead to the formation of new bone tissue and thus heal the bony defects caused by infection.
Highmagnification TEM micrograph of the carbon−platinum replica grid showing the laminar structure of the ultrathin nanocrystals with face to- face arrangement and thickness of 4−7 nm
SEM micrograph showing the adhesion and colonization of osteoblast cells onto NMP nanocrystals
μ-CT 3D models of the bone defects at days 3, 7, and 14 show enhanced bone healing among NMP-treated defect


3. Al-Hashedi, A.A. (2018). Advanced inorganic nanocomposite for decontaminating titanium dental implants. Wiley Online Library, 1-12. doi: 10.1002/jbm.b.34170. Click here for PDF

Compared to the tooth enamel, the titanium implants are more prone to the abrasive effects of toothpastes. The consequent changes in the physiochemical properties of the implant structures decrease their longevity.

The recent discovery of “clay-like” material composed of 2D magnesium phosphate nanocrystals (NMP) provides a promising alternative to cleaning of these implants with additional bone regeneration and healing properties.

As per Fluorescence Microscopy studies (depicted below), there has been a reduction in the bacterial load on the implant surface from 44·103 ± 27·103/µm2 to 2·103 ± 1·102/µm2 .
Comparing the bacterial removal efficiency of the prophylaxis brush, the optimized implant-paste and toothpaste: a: significantly different from control Ti, b: significantly different from biofilm-contaminated group, c: significantly different from Ti surfaces cleaned with the prophylaxis brush, d: significantly different from Ti surfaces brushed with the optimized implant-paste (p < 0.05). Also, as evidenced from the following Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope images, there is no change in the roughness of the Ti implant surface on brushing with the novel prophylaxis paste.
Effect of different cleaning methods on bacterial viability evaluated using Live/dead staining (fluorescence) images. The control images labeled as ‘Control Ti’ and ‘Contaminated’ depict the clean and contaminated implant surfaces respectively. Other three images (experimental groups) were compared to control images to understand the effect of brushing with prophylaxis brush without any paste, brushing with NMP implant- paste, and brushing with Toothpaste on bacterial viability. It was seen that number of bacteria significantly reduced after cleaning with both NMP implant-paste and Toothpaste.


4. Al-Hashedi, A.A. (2016). Decontamination of titanium implants using physical methods. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 1-9. doi: 10.1111/clr.12914. Click here for PDF
5. Unpublished Data
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic (XPS) analysis comparison of clean Ti implant surface with the contaminated implant surfaces cleaned with either prophy paste or NMP implant-paste showed that the surfaces cleaned by NMP implant-paste were comparable to those of clean Ti implants. Additionally, the NMP implant-paste showed lower surface roughness after application than the prophy paste.
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